2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  4. DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

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RNA synthesis, which is also called DNA transcription, is a highly selective process. Transcription by RNA polymerase II extends beyond RNA synthesis, towards a more active role in mRNA maturation, surveillance and export to the cytoplasm.

Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.DNA ligases discriminate against substrates containing RNA strands or mismatched base pairs at positions near the ends of the nickedDNA. Bleomycin (BLM) exerts its genotoxicity by generating free radicals, whichattack C-4′ in the deoxyribose backbone of DNA, leading to opening of the ribose ring and strand breakage; it is an S-independentradiomimetic agent that causes double-strand breaks in DNA.

First strand cDNA is synthesized using random hexamer primers and M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (RNase H). Second strand cDNA synthesis is subsequently performed using DNA Polymerase I and RNase H. The remaining overhangs are converted into blunt ends using exonuclease/polymerase activity. After adenylation of the 3′ ends of DNA fragments, NEBNext Adaptor with hairpin loop structure is ligated to prepare the samples for hybridization. Cell cycle and DNA replication are the top two pathways regulated by BET bromodomain inhibition. Cycloheximide blocks the translation of mRNA to protein.

DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Specific Products:

DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-135775
    BMVC
    		Inhibitor 98.40%
    BMVC is a potent G-quadruplex (G4) stabilizer and a selective telomerase inhibitor with an IC50 of ~0.2 μM. BMVC inhibits Taq DNA polymerase with an IC50 of ~2.5 μM. BMVC increases the melting temperature of G4 structure of telomere and accelerates telomere length shortening. Anticancer activities.
    BMVC
  • HY-131605B
    Ganciclovir triphosphate disodium
    		Inhibitor 98.65%
    Ganciclovir triphosphate (GCV-TP) disodium is a synthetic 2'-deoxyguanosine analog with activity in inhibiting human cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication. Ganciclovir triphosphate disodium is effective against CMV infection by binding to viral DNA polymerase and interfering with viral DNA synthesis. Ganciclovir triphosphate disodium has an IC50 of 0.01 μM against CMV strains from humans, monkeys, mice, and guinea pigs. Ganciclovir triphosphate disodium has also been used in gene-directed enzyme prodrug inhibition for cancer inhibition.
    Ganciclovir triphosphate disodium
  • HY-169993
    ALG-000184
    		Inhibitor 99.69%
    ALG-000184 is an orally effective inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and it is also a prodrug of ALG-001075 (HY-177022). ALG-000184 can inhibit the production of HBV DNA in liver cells. ALG-000184 can be used in the research of chronic hepatitis B.
    ALG-000184
  • HY-W009538
    5'-Deoxy-5-fluorocytidine
    		99.91%
    5'-Deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5-Fluoro-5'-deoxycytidine) is a cytidine analog and metabolite of Capecitabine (HY-B0016). 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorocytidine is converted from Capecitabine by carboxylesterase in the liver. 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorocytidine is deaminated by cytidine deaminase to generate 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, which is finally converted into 5-fluorouracil (HY-90006) by thymidine phosphorylase in tumor tissues to exert anti-tumor effects. 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorocytidine is used in the researches for solid tumors such as colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer.
    5'-Deoxy-5-fluorocytidine
  • HY-175238
    KI-DX-014
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    KI-DX-014 is a DDX21 inhibitor with high RNA-binding inhibitory activity (IC50 of 3.31 μM). KI-DX-014 targets DDX21’s intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain, inhibits DDX21-structured RNA interaction, modulates DDX21’s RNA-dependent ATPase activity, and disrupts DDX21 biomolecular condensate formation. KI-DX-014 attenuates in vitro P-TEFb release from the 7SK snRNP complex, suppresses P-TEFb-dependent RNA polymerase II CTD phosphorylation, and induces developmental defects in zebrafish embryos. KI-DX-014 acts as a chemical probe for dissecting DDX21 functions in normal physiology and disease states. KI-DX-014 can be used for cancers and neurodegenerative disorders research.
    KI-DX-014
  • HY-N0430A
    Coptisine Sulfate
    		99.37%
    Coptisine Sulfate is an orally active and brain-penetrant alkaloid found in Coptis chinensis. Coptisine Sulfate is a reversible, uncompetitive IDO inhibitor with a Ki of 5.8 μM and an IC50 of 6.3 μM. Coptisine Sulfate suppresses neuroinflammation, reduces Aβ plaque burden and shows neuroprotective activity. Coptisine Sulfate shows anti-inflammation activity by blocking NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt activation. Coptisine Sulfate inhibits cancer cells proliferation, induces DNA damage, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Coptisine Sulfate inhibits Rho/ROCK pathway activation, reduces arrhythmia, limits cardiac injury marker release, reduces infarct size, and preserves cardiac function in rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion models. Coptisine Sulfate downregulates HMGCR and upregulates LDLR and CYP7A1 to modulate cholesterol metabolism, reduces abnormal serum lipid levels, and promotes fecal bile acid excretion. Coptisine Sulfate be used for the research of cancer, hypercholesterolemia, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular disease.
    Coptisine Sulfate
  • HY-133157
    FAICAR
    FAICAR (5-Formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide) is a purine nucleotide and the IMP cyclohydrolase substrate of Cryptococcus neoformans ATIC. It is a key intermediate in the de novo purine synthesis pathway. FAICAR can be used in studies related to Cryptococcus neoformans infection.
    FAICAR
  • HY-108858
    Dornase alfa
    Dornase alfa (rhDNase) is a recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase) that can specifically degrade extracellular DNA. Dornase alfa catalyzes the cleavage of DNA released by neutrophils in respiratory mucus, reduces sputum viscosity, thereby improving mucus clearance efficiency, reducing airway obstruction and alleviating inflammatory responses. Dornase alfa can be used to improve lung function (such as FEV_1) in cystic fibrosis (CF), reduce the risk of acute pulmonary exacerbations, and has good in vivo tolerability. Dornase alfa acts locally on the respiratory tract through aerosol inhalation, specifically improving the high viscosity of mucus caused by DNA accumulation and related respiratory symptoms.
    Dornase alfa
  • HY-17460A
    Garenoxacin Mesylate hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Garenoxacin (BMS284756) Mesylate hydrate is an orally active quinolone antibiotic and has a broad spectrum of activity against a wide array of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, anaerobes, and fastidious organisms.
    Garenoxacin Mesylate hydrate
  • HY-Y1055R
    Guanine (Standard)
    		Chemical
    Guanine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Guanine (HY-Y1055). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Guanine is one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Guanine is a purine derivative, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds. Guanine has the potential to serve as a large-capacity N pool. Guanine has cytotoxic, antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects.
    Guanine (Standard)
  • HY-D2353
    Biotin-PEG3-benzophenone
    		98.71%
    Biotin-PEG3-benzophenone is biotin-labeled Benzophenone (HY-Y0546). Benzophenone is an endogenous metabolite and a photosensitizer that has been implicated in photosensitive damage to DNA. Benzophenone causes nucleobase oxidation, formation of cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers, single-strand breaks, DNA-protein cross-links or abasic sites, different pathologies that may occur in nucleosides, oligonucleotides or DNA .
    Biotin-PEG3-benzophenone
  • HY-W060316
    β-Thujaplicinol
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    β-Thujaplicinol (3-Hydroxy-5-isopropyltropolone) is an inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) ribonuclease H. β-Thujaplicinol inhibits RNAseHs of HBV genotypes D and H with IC50 values of 5.9 and 2.3 μM, respectively.
    β-Thujaplicinol
  • HY-18649
    Galidesivir hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Galidesivir (BCX4430) hydrochloride, an adenosine analog and a direct-acting antiviral agent, disrupts viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. Galidesivir hydrochloride is active in vitro against many RNA viral pathogens, including the filoviruses and emerging infectious agents such as MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Galidesivir hydrochloride inhibits some negative-sense RNA viruses with EC50s ranging from ~3 to ~68 μM.
    Galidesivir hydrochloride
  • HY-101792A
    RG7800 tetrahydrochloride
    		Modulator 99.79%
    RG7800 hydrochloride is an orally active SMN2 splicing modulator, with EC1.5xs of 23 nM and 87 nM for SMN2 splicing and SMN protein; RG7800 hydrochloride has the potential to treat spinal muscular atrophy.
    RG7800 tetrahydrochloride
  • HY-19791
    N-Acetyl-Calicheamicin
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    N-Acetyl-Calicheamicin (N-Acetyl-Calicheamicin γ), an enediyne anti-tumor antibiotic, is an ADC cytotoxin. N-Acetyl-Calicheamicin can induce DNA damage, and can be used in the synthesis of ADC.
    N-Acetyl-Calicheamicin
  • HY-163942
    GSK_WRN4
    		Inhibitor 98.85%
    GSK_WRN4 is an orally active WRN helicase inhibitor (pIC50=7.6). GSK_WRN4 induces DNA damage markers (p21, p-γH2AX, p-KAP1). GSK_WRN4 selectively inhibits microsatellite-unstable tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing DNA double-strand breaks, particularly at expanded TA repeats and regions of DNA damage.
    GSK_WRN4
  • HY-B1050
    Gemifloxacin mesylate
    		Inhibitor 99.66%
    Gemifloxacin mesylate (SB-265805S; LB-20304a) is an orally active broad-spectrum quinolone antibacterial antibiotic. Gemifloxacin mesylate inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV activities. Gemifloxacin mesylate has potent antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria in vitro efficacy study, particularly Streptococci and Staphylococci. Gemifloxacin mesylate has been used in the research of respiratory tract infections.
    Gemifloxacin mesylate
  • HY-N1150S
    Thymidine-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.8%
    Thymidine-d3 is the deuterium labeled Thymidine. Thymidine, a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid, is used as a cell synchronizing agent. Thymidine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor that can arrest cell at G1/S boundary, prior to DNA replication.
    Thymidine-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W011117
    Danofloxacin
    		Inhibitor 98.56%
    Danofloxacin is an orally active quinolone antibiotic. Danofloxacin targets bacterial DNA gyrase and inhibits bacterial DNA replication, transcription and growth. Danofloxacin can be used for various bacterial infections caused by Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma and other pathogens.
    Danofloxacin
  • HY-106031
    F-14512
    		Inhibitor 98.04%
    F-14512 is an anticancer agent that utilizes the polyamine transport system (PTS) to selectively deliver polyamine-containing drugs to cancer cells. F-14512 enhances the affinity of polyamines for DNA, thereby inhibiting topoisomerase II and achieving selective cellular uptake. F-14512 exhibits significant cytotoxicity against cells with high PTS activity and induces DNA damage. F-14512 demonstrates potent antitumor activity in the MX1 breast tumor xenograft model. F-14512 can be used to study breast cancer.
    F-14512
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Comparison

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